Databases

MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL Server connection and startup errors.

PostgreSQL error codes (SQLSTATE): what they mean and how to fix the common onesEvery PostgreSQL error carries a 5-character SQLSTATE code. The first two characters give the class (for example 23 for constraint violations) and the last three give the exact condition. Find the code, look it up in the official appendix, then apply the fix for that condition: retry for 40001 and usually 40P01, correct the data or query for class 23 and 42 errors, and address limits or connectivity for classes 53 and 08.2350523503October 31, 2026

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